Special teams handle the kicking plays: kickoffs, punts, field goals and extra points. They are on the field less often than the offense or defense, but they influence field position on almost every change of possession and often decide close games.
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Field position is the hidden score
An offense starting at its own 40-yard line has a far better chance of scoring than one starting at its own 10. A good punt and coverage unit can pin the opponent deep; a good returner can give his offense a short field. These yards rarely appear in highlights but add up over a game.
Kickoffs and returns
Kickoffs start each half and follow each score. The kicking team wants the ball either in the end zone (a touchback) or returned only a short distance. The receiving team wants a returner who finds space and blockers who hold their assignments. Kickoff rules have changed repeatedly for safety; the NFL introduced a new kickoff format in 2024 that lines up the coverage and return teams closer together to reduce high-speed collisions.
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Punting and coverage
A punter aims for distance and “hang time”, the time the ball stays in the air, so coverage players can reach the returner. Directional punts toward the sideline limit return options, and punts that land near the goal line without entering the end zone pin the opponent deep.
Field goals and extra points
The kicking unit depends on three players working together: the long snapper, the holder and the kicker. A bad snap ruins the attempt. Kickers need consistency under pressure, and teams need to know their kicker’s reliable range in different conditions, especially wind; see how weather affects football.
Onside kicks and fakes
An onside kick is a short kick the kicking team tries to recover, typically late in games when trailing. Fake punts and fake field goals surprise defenses and can swing momentum, but a failed fake gives the opponent good field position.
Preparing special teams
Successful teams give special teams real practice time, use dedicated coaches and choose players for effort and discipline. Many NFL starters began their careers on special teams. For an overview of the other units, see football positions.
