Every new car has to meet basic safety standards, but crash-test results show big differences between models, even within the same class. The good news is that you do not have to guess: independent ratings are free and easy to read.
The two main rating systems in the US
The NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings come from the federal government. They cover frontal and side crashes and rollover resistance, and give an overall star score.
The IIHS, funded by insurers, runs tougher and more varied tests, including small-overlap front crashes, an updated side test with a heavier barrier, rear-seat passenger protection, headlights and pedestrian detection. Its annual Top Safety Pick and Top Safety Pick+ awards are a quick way to find the best performers. In Europe, Euro NCAP plays a similar role.
Always check the exact model year and body style; ratings change when cars are redesigned or when tests get tougher.
Size still matters
Physics does not change: in a collision between a heavy and a light vehicle, the people in the lighter one are at greater risk. A mid-size or larger car with good ratings will usually protect occupants better than a small car with the same score, which is why safety organizations advise against very small cars for teen and new drivers.
Features with real-world results
Of all the driver-assistance systems, automatic emergency braking has the strongest evidence; IIHS research has found it sharply reduces rear-end crashes. Blind-spot warning, rear automatic braking and good headlights also show measurable benefits. Our article on the latest safety features in cars explains each one.
Electronic stability control has been mandatory on new cars in the US since the 2012 model year and is a must on any used car.
When you carry children
Rear-seat safety has become a focus of recent IIHS tests, because rear passengers were found to be less protected than front ones in some models. For families, also look at:
- LATCH ratings, which show how easy it is to install a child seat correctly;
- rear-seat belt reminders;
- rear-door child locks and window lock-outs;
- a rear-seat reminder that alerts you if you leave a child in the car.
The best car seat in the safest car still depends on correct installation; see our guide to choosing the right car seat, and the best cars for families for models that combine space and safety.
Ratings plus maintenance
A five-star car with worn tires, old brake fluid or an ignored recall is not a five-star car anymore. Check open recalls on the NHTSA site with your VIN and keep up with maintenance.
